Thus? while these three categories account The overhaul of for just over 10% of the stock of jobs in 2019? they represent almost two-thirds of job creation between 2019 and 2023 (Figure 2) . and the measures to support apprenticeships explain its dynamism over the period (23% of jobs created over the period? or almost 400?000 jobs created according to the Employment Estimates). Furthermore? The overhaul of the growth of micro-entrepreneurs (22% of job creations? or around +380?000 jobs as a main activity) was driven by the doubling of the turnover ceiling in 2018. Finally? driven in particular by the various pension reforms? the employment of employees aged 60 or over has continued to grow strongly in recent years (21% of the increase in employment? or +360?000 jobs).
Figure – Distribution of employment and job creation
Distribution of employment and job creation
Note: For Employment Estimates? provisional data ivory coast phone number library since 2022? preliminary data for non-salaried employment in 2023.
Reading: In 2019? the share of work-study students (apprentices? employees zoom in on: the 7 (new) wonders of the world on professionalization contracts) in total employment is 2.2%. Work-study students contribute to 23.0% of all job creations between 2019 and 2023.
Scope: France excluding Mayotte
Sources: Insee? 2023 Employment survey and long atb directory series on the labor market? Employment Estimates? Non-salaried base.
However? the matching of individual data between the EEC and administrative data (box) shows a particularly high level of under-reporting for these categories in the EEC (figure 3). Thus? it is estimated that only 5% of all jobs recorded in the administrative data of the Employment Estimates are not identified as jobs in the EEC. But this under-reporting amounts to 14% among micro-entrepreneurs? 12% among apprentices and even 19% among seniors aged 60 and over. In total? under-reporting in the EEC of these three most dynamic employment categories is estimated at 16%? four times more than all the others.